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//
// A sentinel value indicates the end of data. Let's imagine a
// sequence of lowercase letters where uppercase 'S' is the
// sentinel, indicating the end of the sequence:
//
// abcdefS
//
// If our sequence also allows for uppercase letters, 'S' would
// make a terrible sentinel since it could no longer be a regular
// value in the sequence:
//
// abcdQRST
// ^-- Oops! The last letter in the sequence is R!
//
// A popular choice for indicating the end of a string is the
// value 0. ASCII and Unicode call this the "Null Character".
//
// Zig supports sentinel-terminated arrays, slices, and pointers:
//
// const a: [4:0]u32 = [4:0]u32{1, 2, 3, 4};
// const b: [:0]const u32 = &[4:0]u32{1, 2, 3, 4};
// const c: [*:0]const u32 = &[4:0]u32{1, 2, 3, 4};
//
// Array 'a' stores 5 u32 values, the last of which is 0.
// However the compiler takes care of this housekeeping detail
// for you. You can treat 'a' as a normal array with just 4
// items.
//
// Slice 'b' is only allowed to point to zero-terminated arrays
// but otherwise works just like a normal slice.
//
// Pointer 'c' is exactly like the many-pointers we learned about
// in exercise 054, but it is guaranteed to end in 0. Because of
// this guarantee, we can safely find the end of this
// many-pointer without knowing its length. (We CAN'T do that
// with regular many-pointers!).
//
const print = @import("std").debug.print;
pub fn main() void {
// Here's a zero-terminated array of u32 values:
var nums = [_:0]u32{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
// And here's a zero-terminated many-pointer:
var ptr: [*:0]u32 = &nums;
// For fun, let's replace the value at position 3 with the
// sentinel value 0. This seems kind of naughty.
nums[3] = 0;
// So now we have a zero-terminated array and a many-pointer
// that reference the same data: a sequence of numbers that
// both ends in and CONTAINS the sentinal value.
//
// Attempting to loop through and print both of these should
// demonstrate how they are similar and different.
//
// (It turns out that the array prints completely, including
// the sentinel 0 in the middle. The many-pointer must stop
// at the first sentinel value. The difference is simply that
// arrays have a known length and many-pointers don't.)
printSequence(nums);
printSequence(ptr);
print("\n", .{});
}
// Here's our generic sequence printing function. It's nearly
// complete, but there are a couple missing bits. Please fix
// them!
fn printSequence(my_seq: anytype) void {
const my_type = @typeInfo(@TypeOf(my_seq));
// The TypeInfo contained in my_type is a union. We use a
// switch to handle printing the Array or Pointer fields,
// depending on which type of my_seq was passed in:
switch (my_type) {
.Array => {
print("Array:", .{});
// Loop through the items in my_seq.
for (???) |s| {
print("{}", .{s});
}
},
.Pointer => {
// Check this out - it's pretty cool:
const my_sentinel = my_type.Pointer.sentinel;
print("Many-pointer:", .{});
// Loop through the items in my_seq until we hit the
// sentinel value.
var i: usize = 0;
while (??? != my_sentinel) {
print("{}", .{my_seq[i]});
i += 1;
}
},
else => unreachable,
}
print(". ", .{});
}
//
// ------------------------------------------------------------
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// ------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Are you ready for the THE TRUTH about Zig string literals?
//
// You've earned it. Here it is:
//
// @TypeOf("foo") == *const [3:0]u8
//
// Zig's string literals are constant pointers to zero-terminated
// (or "null-terminated") arrays of u8.
//
// Now you know. Welcome to the secret club!
//
// ------------------------------------------------------------
// TOP SECRET TOP SECRET TOP SECRET TOP SECRET TOP SECRET
// ------------------------------------------------------------
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