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|
const std = @import("std");
/// Wrapper around a std.http.Server to run a multi-threaded HTTP server using thread-per-request and arena-per-request
/// Context is .clone()'d and passed to each request, useful for passing user data to each request handler e.g. a database connection.
/// HandlerType provides a single method handle() which is used to actually handle requests.
pub fn Server(comptime Context: type, comptime Handler: type) type {
return struct {
address: std.net.Address,
context: Context,
handler: Handler,
max_header_size: usize = 8192,
n_threads: u32 = 50,
allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
pub fn serve(self: @This()) !void {
var tp = std.Thread.Pool{ .threads = &[_]std.Thread{}, .allocator = self.allocator };
try tp.init(.{ .allocator = self.allocator, .n_jobs = self.n_threads });
defer tp.deinit();
var svr_internal = std.http.Server.init(.{ .reuse_address = true });
defer svr_internal.deinit();
try svr_internal.listen(self.address);
std.log.info("server listening on {}", .{self.address});
while (true) {
var aa = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(self.allocator); // will be freed by the spawned thread.
var conn = try svr_internal.accept(.{ .allocator = aa.allocator(), .header_strategy = .{ .dynamic = self.max_header_size } });
const ctx: Context = self.context.clone();
try tp.spawn(handle, .{ self, &conn, ctx, aa });
}
}
fn handle(self: @This(), res: *std.http.Server.Response, ctx: Context, aa: std.heap.ArenaAllocator) void {
defer aa.deinit();
defer ctx.deinit();
defer res.deinit();
if (res.wait()) {
if (self.handler.handle(res, ctx)) {
std.log.info("Success handling request [{s} {s} {s}] status {d} client {}", .{ @tagName(res.request.method), res.request.target, @tagName(res.request.version), @intFromEnum(res.status), res.address });
} else |err| {
std.log.info("Error handling request [{s} {s} {s}] client {} error {}", .{ @tagName(res.request.method), res.request.target, @tagName(res.request.version), res.address, err });
if (handle_simple_response(res, "<html><body>Server error!</body></html>", .internal_server_error)) {} else |err2| {
std.log.err("Error sending error page for {} : {}", .{ res.address, err2 });
}
}
} else |_| {
// Do nothing
}
if (res.state != .finished) {
std.log.err("request wasn't finished!", .{});
}
}
fn handle_simple_response(res: *std.http.Server.Response, content: []const u8, status: std.http.Status) !void {
res.status = status;
res.transfer_encoding = .{ .content_length = content.len };
try res.headers.append("content-type", "text/html");
try res.send();
try res.writer().writeAll(content);
try res.finish();
}
};
}
pub const Params = std.StringHashMap([]const u8);
/// Routing component for an http server with wildcard matching and parameter
/// Handles matching a request to a handler.
/// Handler pattern can either be matched exactly
/// or it can have matcher segments, so
/// "/" -> matches request for "/" only
/// "/foo" matches request for "/foo" only
/// "/foo/{bar}/baz" matches request for "/foo/123/baz" and "/foo/bar/baz", and Params would contain "bar":"123" and "bar":"bar" respectively.
/// or it can have terminating wildcards, so
/// "/foo/*" -> matches "/foo", "/foo/bar","/foo/bar/baz"
/// "/*" -> matches all requests
/// TODO something clever to parse path parameters into the appropriate types, maybe smth like "/foo/{bar:u32}/baz"
/// TODO something to handle query parameters and request body too
pub fn Router(comptime Response: type, comptime Context: type, comptime ErrorType: type) type {
return struct {
pub const Handler = struct {
method: std.http.Method,
pattern: []const u8,
handle_fn: *const fn (Response, Context, Params) ErrorType!void,
};
allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
handlers: []const Handler,
notfound: *const fn (Response, Context) ErrorType!void,
pub fn handle(self: @This(), res: Response, ctx: Context) ErrorType!void {
var p = try Path.parse(self.allocator, res.request.target);
defer p.deinit();
const path = p.path;
handler_loop: for (self.handlers) |handler| {
if (handler.method != res.request.method) {
continue :handler_loop;
}
var path_params: Params = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(self.allocator);
defer path_params.deinit();
var handle_split = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, handler.pattern, '/');
var req_split = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, path, '/');
while (true) {
const maybe_handle_seg = handle_split.next();
const maybe_req_seg = req_split.next();
if (maybe_handle_seg == null and maybe_req_seg == null) {
// End of both handler and request, they matched this far so
// the handler must handle.
try handler.handle_fn(res, ctx, path_params);
break :handler_loop;
} else if (maybe_handle_seg != null and std.mem.eql(u8, maybe_handle_seg.?, "*")) {
// Wildcard, this matches
try handler.handle_fn(res, ctx, path_params);
break :handler_loop;
} else if (maybe_handle_seg == null or maybe_req_seg == null) {
// path lengths don't match, try the next handler
continue :handler_loop;
} else {
const handle_seg = maybe_handle_seg.?;
const req_seg = maybe_req_seg.?;
if (handle_seg.len > 0 and handle_seg[0] == '{' and handle_seg[handle_seg.len - 1] == '}') {
// Capture and keep going
const key = handle_seg[1 .. handle_seg.len - 1];
try path_params.put(key, req_seg);
} else if (std.mem.eql(u8, handle_seg, req_seg)) {
// segments match, keep going
} else {
// mismatch, try the next handler
continue :handler_loop;
}
}
}
} else {
try self.notfound(res, ctx);
}
}
};
}
const RouterTest = struct {
const TestRequest = struct {
method: std.http.Method,
target: []const u8,
};
const TestResponse = struct {
request: TestRequest,
};
const TestCtx = struct {};
const TestErr = error{ TestError, OutOfMemory } || Path.ParseError;
const TestRouter = Router(TestResponse, TestCtx, TestErr);
var notfoundinvoked = false;
fn notfound(_: TestResponse, _: TestCtx) TestErr!void {
notfoundinvoked = true;
}
var route1invoked = false;
var route1params: ?Params = null;
fn route1(_: TestResponse, _: TestCtx, p: Params) TestErr!void {
route1invoked = true;
route1params = try p.clone();
}
var route2invoked = false;
fn route2(_: TestResponse, _: TestCtx, _: Params) TestErr!void {
route2invoked = true;
}
fn reset() void {
notfoundinvoked = false;
if (route1params != null) route1params.?.deinit();
route1params = null;
route1invoked = false;
route2invoked = false;
}
fn runTestRouter(handlers: []TestRouter.Handler, target: []const u8) !void {
const ctx = TestCtx{};
const req = TestRequest{
.method = .GET,
.target = target,
};
const res = TestResponse{
.request = req,
};
const router = TestRouter{
.allocator = std.testing.allocator,
.handlers = handlers,
.notfound = notfound,
};
try router.handle(res, ctx);
}
// fn hmof(x: []const u8, y: []const u8) std.StringHashMap([]const u8) {
// var hm = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(std.testing.allocator);
// hm.put(x, y) catch @panic("failed to create hmof in test");
// return hm;
// }
const TestCase = struct {
target: []const u8,
route1: ?[]const u8 = null,
route2: ?[]const u8 = null,
notfoundexpected: bool = false,
route1expected: bool = false,
route2expected: bool = false,
// route1paramsexpected: ?Params = null,
};
fn expectEqual(maybe_pexp: ?Params, maybe_pact: ?Params) !void {
if (maybe_pexp == null and maybe_pact == null) {
// fine
} else if (maybe_pexp == null or maybe_pact == null) {
std.debug.print("isnull(pexp) = {} isnull(pact) = {}", .{ maybe_pexp == null, maybe_pact == null });
return error.TestUnexpectedResult;
} else {
const pexp = maybe_pexp.?;
const pact = maybe_pact.?;
try std.testing.expectEqual(pexp.count(), pact.count());
var it = pexp.keyIterator();
var kexp = it.next();
while (kexp != null) : (kexp = it.next()) {
const vexp = pexp.get(kexp.?.*).?;
const maybe_vact = pact.get(kexp.?.*);
if (maybe_vact) |vact| {
std.debug.print("{s} {s}", .{ vexp, vact });
try std.testing.expectEqual(vexp, vact);
} else {
std.debug.print("expected key {s} not found in actual", .{kexp.?.*});
return error.TestUnexpectedResult;
}
}
}
}
test "router tests" {
// var m0 = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(std.testing.allocator);
// defer m0.deinit();
// var m1 = hmof("var", "bam");
// defer m1.deinit();
const cases = [_]TestCase{
.{
.target = "/",
.notfoundexpected = true,
},
.{
.target = "/",
.route1 = "/",
.route1expected = true,
// .route1paramsexpected = m0,
},
.{
.target = "/foo",
.route1 = "/bar",
.notfoundexpected = true,
},
.{
.target = "/bar",
.route1 = "/foo",
.route2 = "/bar",
.route2expected = true,
},
.{
.target = "/baz",
.route1 = "/",
.notfoundexpected = true,
},
.{
.target = "/baz",
.route1 = "/*",
.route2 = "/bar",
.route1expected = true,
// .route1paramsexpected = m0,
},
.{
.target = "/baz",
.route1 = "/*",
.route2 = "/baz",
.route1expected = true, // first matching route takes prio
// .route1paramsexpected = m0,
},
.{
.target = "/baz",
.route1 = "/baz",
.route2 = "/*",
.route1expected = true, // first matching route takes prio
// .route1paramsexpected = m0,
},
.{
.target = "/baz/bam",
.route1 = "/baz/{var}",
.route1expected = true,
// .route1paramsexpected = m1,
},
.{
.target = "/baz/bam/boo",
.route1 = "/baz/{var}/boo",
.route1expected = true,
// .route1paramsexpected = m1,
},
.{
.target = "/baz/bam/boo?somequery=foo",
.route1 = "/baz/{var}/boo",
.route1expected = true,
// .route1paramsexpected = m1,
},
// .{
// .target = "/baz/bam/bar",
// .route1 = "/baz/{var}/boo",
// .notfoundexpected = true,
// },
};
for (cases) |case| {
defer reset();
var handlers = std.ArrayList(TestRouter.Handler).init(std.testing.allocator);
defer handlers.deinit();
if (case.route1) |r1| {
try handlers.append(TestRouter.Handler{ .pattern = r1, .method = .GET, .handle_fn = route1 });
}
if (case.route2) |r2| {
try handlers.append(TestRouter.Handler{ .pattern = r2, .method = .GET, .handle_fn = route2 });
}
try runTestRouter(handlers.items, case.target);
try std.testing.expectEqual(case.notfoundexpected, notfoundinvoked);
try std.testing.expectEqual(case.route1expected, route1invoked);
try std.testing.expectEqual(case.route2expected, route2invoked);
// try expectEqual(case.route1paramsexpected, route1params); // TODO assert captures
}
}
};
/// HTTP path parsing
/// which is a subset of URI parsing :)
/// RFC-3986
pub const Path = struct {
allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
path: []const u8,
query: []const u8,
fragment: []const u8, // technically I think the fragment is never received on the server anyway
query_parsed: ?Form = null,
pub const ParseError = error{Malformatted} || Form.ParseError;
pub fn parse(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, str: []const u8) ParseError!Path {
var path: []const u8 = str;
var query: []const u8 = "";
var fragment: []const u8 = "";
const f_ix = std.mem.indexOfScalar(u8, str, '#');
const q_ix = std.mem.indexOfScalar(u8, str, '?');
if (q_ix) |q| {
path = str[0..q];
if (f_ix) |f| {
if (f < q) {
return ParseError.Malformatted;
}
query = str[(q + 1)..f];
fragment = str[(f + 1)..];
} else {
query = str[(q + 1)..];
}
} else if (f_ix) |f| {
path = str[0..f];
fragment = str[(f + 1)..];
}
return Path{
.allocator = allocator,
.path = path,
.query = query,
.fragment = fragment,
};
}
pub fn get_query_param(self: *Path, key: []const u8) !?[]const u8 {
if (self.query_parsed == null) {
self.query_parsed = try Form.parse(self.allocator, self.query);
}
return self.query_parsed.?.data.get(key);
}
pub fn query_to_struct(self: *Path, comptime T: type) !T {
if (self.query_parsed == null) {
self.query_parsed = try Form.parse(self.allocator, self.query);
}
return self.query_parsed.?.form_to_struct(T);
}
pub fn deinit(self: *Path) void {
if (self.query_parsed != null) {
self.query_parsed.?.deinit();
}
}
};
const PathTest = struct {
test "path" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/");
defer p.deinit();
try assertPath("/", "", "", p);
}
fn assertPath(path: []const u8, query: []const u8, fragment: []const u8, actual: Path) !void {
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, path, actual.path);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, query, actual.query);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, fragment, actual.fragment);
}
test "query" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo?bar=baz");
defer p.deinit();
try assertPath("/foo", "bar=baz", "", p);
}
test "query and fragment" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo?bar=baz#frag");
defer p.deinit();
try assertPath("/foo", "bar=baz", "frag", p);
}
test "fragment" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo#frag");
defer p.deinit();
try assertPath("/foo", "", "frag", p);
}
test "query param" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo?bar=baz#frag");
defer p.deinit();
const v1 = try p.get_query_param("bar");
try std.testing.expect(v1 != null);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, "baz", v1.?);
const v2 = try p.get_query_param("bam");
try std.testing.expect(v2 == null);
}
test "query param mixed" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo?bar=baz&ba+m=bo+om&zigzag#frag");
defer p.deinit();
try assertPath("/foo", "bar=baz&ba+m=bo+om&zigzag", "frag", p);
const v1 = try p.get_query_param("bar");
try std.testing.expect(v1 != null);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, "baz", v1.?);
const v2 = try p.get_query_param("ba m");
try std.testing.expect(v2 != null);
try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, "bo om", v2.?);
}
test "query to struct" {
var p = try Path.parse(std.testing.allocator, "/foo?bar=ba+z&bam=55&zigzag#frag");
defer p.deinit();
const T = struct {
bar: []const u8,
bam: u64,
fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
std.testing.allocator.free(self.bar);
}
};
var t = try p.query_to_struct(T);
defer t.deinit();
try std.testing.expectEqualDeep(T{ .bar = "ba z", .bam = 55 }, t);
}
};
pub const Form = struct {
allocator: std.mem.Allocator,
data: std.StringHashMap([]const u8),
const ParseError = error{ Malformatted, InvalidLength, InvalidCharacter, NoSpaceLeft } || std.mem.Allocator.Error;
// Tries to parse key=value&key2=value2 pairs from the form.
// Note that a URL query segment doesn't _have_ to be key-value pairs
// so this is quite lenient.
// Form struct owns all the keys and values in the resulting map.
pub fn parse(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, form: []const u8) ParseError!Form {
var res = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(allocator);
var iter1 = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, form, '&');
while (iter1.next()) |split| {
var iter2 = std.mem.splitScalar(u8, split, '=');
if (iter2.next()) |key| {
if (iter2.next()) |value| {
try res.put(try percent_decode(allocator, key), try percent_decode(allocator, value));
} else {
// Do nothing, it's a well-formatted kv pair
}
} else {
// Do nothing it's not a well-formatted kv pair
}
}
return Form{ .allocator = allocator, .data = res };
}
pub fn form_to_struct(self: *Form, comptime T: type) !T {
return to_struct(self.allocator, T, self.data);
}
pub fn deinit(self: *Form) void {
var it = self.data.iterator();
var e = it.next();
while (e != null) : (e = it.next()) {
self.allocator.free(e.?.key_ptr.*);
self.allocator.free(e.?.value_ptr.*);
}
self.data.deinit();
}
};
fn percent_decode(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, str: []const u8) ![]const u8 {
var fbs = std.io.fixedBufferStream(str);
var rdr = fbs.reader();
var out = std.ArrayList(u8).init(allocator);
var wtr = out.writer();
defer out.deinit();
while (true) {
const b = rdr.readByte() catch break;
if (b == '%') {
var hex_code: [2]u8 = undefined;
_ = try rdr.readAll(&hex_code);
var b2: [1]u8 = .{0};
_ = try std.fmt.hexToBytes(&b2, &hex_code);
try wtr.writeByte(b2[0]);
} else if (b == '+') {
try wtr.writeByte(' ');
} else {
try wtr.writeByte(b);
}
}
return out.toOwnedSlice();
}
const PercentEncodeTest = struct {
test "decode" {
const decoded = try percent_decode(std.testing.allocator, "%C3%A7%C3%AE%C4%85%C3%B5+hithere");
defer std.testing.allocator.free(decoded);
try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("çîąõ hithere", decoded);
}
};
/// Populate a struct from a hashmap
fn to_struct(allocator: std.mem.Allocator, comptime T: type, hm: std.StringHashMap([]const u8)) !T {
const ti = @typeInfo(T);
if (ti != .Struct) {
@compileError("to_struct T was not a struct type");
}
var t: T = undefined;
inline for (ti.Struct.fields) |field| {
if (field.is_comptime) {
@compileError("can't dynamically set comptime field " ++ field.name);
}
const value: []const u8 = hm.get(field.name) orelse {
return error.FieldNotPresent; // TODO somehow be more useful.
};
switch (@typeInfo(field.type)) { // TODO handle more types, default values etc etc.
.Int => {
@field(t, field.name) = try std.fmt.parseInt(field.type, value, 10);
},
.Pointer => |ptrinfo| {
if (ptrinfo.size != .Slice) {
@compileError("field pointer size " ++ @tagName(ptrinfo.size) ++ " is not supported, only []u8 is supported right now");
}
if (ptrinfo.child != u8) {
@compileError("field pointer type " ++ @tagName(@typeInfo(ptrinfo.child)) ++ " is not supported, only []u8 is supported right now");
}
const dvalue = try allocator.dupe(u8, value);
errdefer allocator.free(dvalue);
@field(t, field.name) = dvalue;
},
else => @compileError("field type " ++ @tagName(@typeInfo(field.type)) ++ " not supported on field " ++ field.name),
}
}
return t;
}
const StructTest = struct {
test "to struct" {
const T = struct {
foo: i64,
bar: []const u8,
pub fn deinit(self: *@This()) void {
std.testing.allocator.free(self.bar);
}
};
var hm = std.StringHashMap([]const u8).init(std.testing.allocator);
defer hm.deinit();
try hm.put("foo", "42");
try hm.put("bar", "oops");
var t = try to_struct(std.testing.allocator, T, hm);
defer t.deinit();
try std.testing.expectEqualDeep(T{ .foo = 42, .bar = "oops" }, t);
}
};
test {
_ = RouterTest;
_ = PathTest;
_ = PercentEncodeTest;
_ = StructTest;
}
|
